ASTM D7032 28 MPa Flexural akan Falo na Kasuwanci: Menene Ma'aunin Binciken Kuɗi

1. Dalilin da yasa ASTM D7032 shine Matsayin Mai Kula da Ƙofa don Katangar Ruwa ta Kasuwanci

ASTM D7032, wanda aka buga ASTM ta Duniya, yana aiki a matsayin babban ma'auni ga siyan WPC na Arewacin Amurka da kuma duniya baki ɗaya. An ƙirƙiro wannan ma'auni ne saboda saurin haɓakar bene mai haɗawa a farkon shekarun 2000 ya haifar da ingantaccen sarari: ba tare da takamaiman bayani ɗaya ba, ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba su da wata hanyar da za a iya kwatanta samfura daga masana'antun daban-daban. ASTM D7032 ya cike wannan gibin ta hanyar ayyana mafi ƙarancin ƙimar aiki don ƙarfin lanƙwasa, ja-da-fitar mannewa, juriya ga rarrafe, kwanciyar hankali na UV, sha danshi, da kwanciyar hankali na girma.

Ga wuraren wanka na kasuwanci, ribar ta fi ta masu amfani da wurin zama. Falo na wanka na jama'a a otal ko wurin shakatawa na iya ɗaukar mutane 500 zuwa 2,000 a kowace rana a lokacin da ake yawan samun hayaniya. Kujeru, kujerun zama, kayan aiki masu ƙafafu, da kuma sinadarai da ke fitowa daga wuraren da aka yi amfani da sinadarin chlorine ko gishiri, suna haifar da nauyi da damuwa da ba a taɓa samun falo na zama ba. Saboda haka, masu ƙayyadewa suna amfani da ASTM D7032 a matsayin matattarar cancanta: idan samfur ba zai iya nuna bin ƙa'ida ba, za a cire shi daga tayin kafin a fara tattaunawa kan farashi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kowane babban lamari ya faru. Mai ƙera Wpc yana buga bayanan gwajin D7032, kuma me yasaEe ya samar da rahotannin gwajin SGS na ɓangare na uku a kowane rukunin samarwa tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a Ningbo a 2010.

Maƙallin ƙarfin lanƙwasa mai girman 28 MPa da aka ƙayyade a cikin D7032 yana da mahimmanci musamman ga benen tafkin. Ƙarfin lanƙwasa - ikon allon don tsayayya da lanƙwasawa a ƙarƙashin kaya - yana ƙayyade kai tsaye nisan da za a iya raba joists ɗin, nauyin da aka tattara na benen zai iya ɗauka, da kuma ko allon zai ci gaba da lalacewa ta dindindin akan lokaci. Mai ƙayyadewa wanda ke kimanta tsarin benen tafkin murabba'in mita 1,000 zai fara kwatanta kowane samfurin da aka zaɓa da wannan lambar, saboda yana daidaita kowane lissafin injiniyan ƙasa. Samfuran da suka cika ko suka wuce 28 MPa za a iya ƙayyade su da tabbaci a cibiyoyin joist na 400 mm na yau da kullun; waɗanda suka gaza suna buƙatar tazara kusa da joist da ƙarin farashin tsarin ƙasa.

2. Fahimtar Bukatar Ƙarfin Lankwasawa na MPa 28

Ƙarfin lanƙwasa, wanda kuma ake kira modulus of rupture (MOR), yana auna matsakaicin matsin lamba da allon WPC zai iya jurewa kafin ya karye a gwajin lanƙwasa. Nassoshi na ASTM D7032 ASTM D790 a matsayin hanyar da aka bi. A aikace, ana sanya samfurin allon bene a kan tallafi guda biyu, kuma ana sanya kaya a tsakiya har sai samfurin ya gaza. Ƙimar damuwa da aka samu, wadda aka bayyana a cikin megapascals (MPa), ita ce ƙarfin lanƙwasa na samfurin.

Mafi ƙarancin 28 MPa a cikin ASTM D7032 yana nuna mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya da ake buƙata don allon bene don tallafawa haɗin nauyin zirga-zirgar ƙafa, kayan daki, da kayan aikin gyara lokaci-lokaci a cikin daidaitaccen tazara tsakanin layukan. Don aikace-aikacen wurin waha na kasuwanci, ƙayyadaddun bayanai sau da yawa suna ƙara iyaka ta aminci, suna neman 30 MPa ko sama da haka don la'akari da lodi masu ƙarfi daga taron jama'a da kayan aikin wurin waha a kan ƙafafun. Bayanin YD150RH30 na Ydwpc na gargajiya yana gwada sama da 28 MPa a cikin gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje da SGS ta amince da shi, yayin da bayanin YD140RH23 na haɗin gwiwa, tare da murfin murfin polymer mai yawa, yana ba da aikin lanƙwasa a saman ƙarshen kewayon WPC.

Ga mai ƙayyadewa wanda ya yi odar murabba'in mita 1,000 na benen tafkin, lambar ƙarfin lanƙwasa kuma tana haɓaka tattalin arzikin tazarar joist. Allon da aka kimanta daidai 28 MPa na iya buƙatar tazarar joist ta tsakiya 350 mm a ƙarƙashin yanayin lodi na kasuwanci, yayin da gwajin allo a 32 MPa sau da yawa ana iya ƙayyade shi a 400 mm. Sama da murabba'in mita 1,000, wannan bambancin mm 50 yana fassara zuwa raguwar da za a iya aunawa a cikin kayan joist da aikin shigarwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu ƙayyadewa masu ƙwarewa ke kwatanta ainihin ƙimar gwaji kuma suna haɗa su cikin jimlar ƙirar aikin. Ydwpc yana ba da cikakkun takaddun shaida na gwajin lanƙwasa tare da kowane jigilar kaya don tallafawa wannan bincike.

3. Ragewar Kura: Dalilin da yasa Aikin Dogon Lokaci ke da Muhimmanci a Falo

Duk da cewa ƙarfin lanƙwasa yana gaya wa mai ƙayyade irin nauyin da allon zai iya ɗauka a lokacin da ya gaza, karkacewar rarrafe yana bayyana abin da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin nauyin da ya daɗe tsawon watanni da shekaru. ASTM D7032 ya haɗa da tanadin gwajin rarrafe saboda kayan WPC suna da kama da na roba: suna canzawa a hankali kuma a hankali a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba akai-akai. A kan bene na wurin waha na kasuwanci, wannan damuwa mai ɗorewa tana fitowa ne daga kayan aiki na dindindin - akwatunan shuka, shinge, kujerun zama, gidajen kayan waha - da kuma cunkoson ƙafafu masu yawa a lokutan aiki.

Gwajin creep na D7032 yana sanya samfurin allo ya kasance mai ɗorewa na tsawon lokaci a yanayin zafi da danshi da aka sarrafa. Matsakaicin karkacewa da aka yarda an ƙayyade shi dangane da tsawon allon, kuma wuce wannan iyaka yana nufin samfurin ya gaza ma'aunin creep. Ga wuraren waha na kasuwanci, yanayin creep yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar yawan zafi da zafin jiki da aka saba gani a wuraren ruwa. Tekun waha a Dubai ko Singapore yana fuskantar yanayin zafi sama da digiri 35 na Celsius tsawon mafi yawan shekara, wanda ke hanzarta kwararar viscoelastic a cikin matrices na WPC.

Ydwpc yana magance aikin crooping ta hanyar sarrafa tsari. An inganta abubuwan da ke cikin zare na itace, matakin polymer, wakilan haɗin gwiwa, da sigogin sarrafawa don rage karkacewa na dogon lokaci. Tsarin haɗin gwiwa na YD140RH23 yana amfana daga harsashin polymer mai kariya, wanda ke rarraba nauyin saman daidai gwargwado a cikin sashin giciye na allon, yana rage yawan damuwa inda crooping ya fara. Masu ƙayyadewa na iya neman takaddun shaida na crooping waɗanda ke nuna karkacewa sosai a cikin iyakokin D7032, koda a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga masu gine-gine waɗanda ke tsara benaye na tafkin a cikin yanayin zafi inda Zaɓin kayan bene yana da mahimmanci ga aikin kayan aiki na dogon lokaci.

4. Fitar da Keɓaɓɓen Fastener da Ingancin Haɗin Tsarin

Allon bene yana da inganci kawai kamar yadda haɗin da ke riƙe shi da ƙaramin tsarin yake. ASTM D7032 yana magance wannan gaskiyar ta hanyar gwajin fitar da maƙalli, wanda ke auna ƙarfin da ake buƙata don cire sukurori ko maƙalli daga allon a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka sarrafa. Ga benen tafkin kasuwanci, juriyar fitar da maƙalli siga ce mai mahimmanci ga aminci: allon da ba shi da kyau yana haifar da haɗarin tafiya, kuma a cikin yanayin wurin waha mai danshi, abin da ya faru na tafiya da faɗuwa yana ɗauke da babban haɗarin ɗaukar nauyi. Saboda haka, masu ƙayyadewa suna ɗaukar ƙimar fitar da maƙallin D7032 a matsayin wurin duba tilas.

Tsarin gwajin ya ƙunshi tura sukurori na yau da kullun zuwa cikin allon a wurare da aka ƙayyade da kuma amfani da ƙarfin tensile a tsaye a saman allon har sai maƙallin ya 'yantu. An daidaita mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ja a cikin D7032 zuwa ga yawan allon da kauri, yana nuna nauyin da ake tsammani daga zirga-zirgar ƙafa, ɗaga iska, da zagayowar faɗaɗa zafi. Allon da ke da ƙarancin yawa ko rarrabawar zare mara daidaituwa zai nuna rashin ƙarfin ɗaurewa, wanda ke haifar da motsi da gazawar maƙallin a ƙarƙashin zagayowar jika da bushewa da aka saba gani a yanayin wurin wanka.

Tsarin kera Ydwpc yana tabbatar da daidaiton yawa a duk faɗin sashin giciye na allon, wanda shine babban abin da ke tantance ƙarfin cire maƙallin. Tsarin YD150RH30 na gargajiya, tare da tsayin allonsa na mm 30, yana ba da isasshen zurfin abu don haɗa sukurori, yayin da samfurin YD140RH23 mai haɗakarwa yana amfana daga babban murfin murfin da ke tsayayya da jan saman. Ana gwada samfuran biyu ta amfani da tsarin ɗaure maƙallin ɓoye da sukurori na bakin ƙarfe waɗanda aka saba ƙayyade don shigarwar wurin waha na kasuwanci. Masu ƙayyadewa waɗanda ke yin odar murabba'in mita 1,000 na iya buƙatar bayanan gwajin cire maƙallin a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin kafin cancantar Ydwpc, tare da jadawalin maƙallin da aka ba da shawarar da aka tsara don buƙatun yankin iska na gida.

5. Juriyar Danshi da Bayyanar Sinadarai a Muhalli na Pool

Falo-falo na kasuwanci suna fuskantar haɗakar ƙalubalen danshi na musamman waɗanda suka fi na sauran falo-falo na waje. Allo yana fuskantar ruwan feshi akai-akai, danshi mai yawa, ruwan tsaye, da sinadarai masu tsaftacewa waɗanda suka haɗa da chlorine, bromine, da algaecides. ASTM D7032 ya haɗa da gwajin sha danshi da kumburin kauri don auna yadda allon WPC ke amsawa ga waɗannan yanayi. Gwajin nutsewa na yau da kullun inda aka jiƙa samfuran allon na tsawon lokaci, kuma ana auna ƙaruwar nauyi da canjin girma bisa ga iyakokin da aka yarda.

Ga masu ƙayyadewa waɗanda ke kimanta tsarin bene na tafkin murabba'in mita 1,000, bayanai game da juriyar danshi muhimmin abu ne tsakanin layukan samfura. Bayanan WPC na gargajiya kamar YD150RH30 suna da saman haɗin katako da aka fallasa wanda ke shan danshi a mafi girma fiye da bayanan da aka fitar da su. Yayin da YD150RH30 ya cika iyakokin sha danshi na ASTM D7032 - kuma yana aiki da kyau a aikace-aikacen gidaje da kasuwanci masu sauƙi - samfurin haɗin YD140RH23 yana ba da fa'ida mai ma'ana a cikin yanayin tafkin. Harsashin polymer mai haɗin gwiwa akan YD140RH23 yana ƙirƙirar shinge na zahiri wanda ke rage shigar ruwa cikin tsakiyar allon, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin sha danshi, ƙarancin kumburi, da kwanciyar hankali mafi girma a tsawon rayuwar sabis na shigarwa.

Juriyar sinadarai wani ƙarin abu ne na tantancewa ga masu tantance benen tafkin. Ruwan da aka yi da chlorine, ruwan gishiri a wuraren da ke bakin teku, da kuma masu tsaftacewa da ake amfani da su wajen kula da tafkin kasuwanci na iya lalata saman polymer akan lokaci. Ydwpc yana tsara mahaɗan benensa tare da ƙarin sinadarai masu jure wa sinadarai waɗanda suka cika tsammanin dorewa da aka saka a cikin ASTM D7032. Don ayyukan da ke yankunan bakin teku ko wuraren da ke amfani da chlorine na ruwan gishiri, YD140RH23 da aka haɗa shi ne ƙayyadaddun da aka ba da shawarar, saboda saman da aka rufe yana tsayayya da samuwar kristal na gishiri da shigar ion na chloride. Wannan ya yi daidai da jagora daga Shirin Yin Iyo na Lafiya na CDC kan kiyaye kayayyakin more rayuwa masu aminci da dorewa a wurin wanka.

6. Juriyar Zamewa: Daidaiton Gwajin Gaggawa don Falo Mai Ruwa

Juriyar zamewa ita ce mafi mahimmancin ma'aunin aminci ga kowane bene na wurin wanka na kasuwanci, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko da ake tantancewa lokacin tantance samfuran WPC. Duk da cewa ASTM D7032 yana magance juriyar zamewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na ka'idojin aikinsa, masu ƙayyadewa da yawa suna kuma ambaton ƙarin ƙa'idodi kamar ASTM C1028 da kuma Jagororin Samun Dama ga Dokar Amurkawa Masu Nakasa (ADAAG), waɗanda ke ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙimar gogayya mai ƙarfi don hanyoyin da za a iya isa gare su. ADAAG ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da ma'aunin gogayya mai ƙarfi na 0.6 don saman matakin da kuma 0.8 don tudun ƙasa, kuma waɗannan ƙimar ana amfani da su sosai a saman bene na wurin wanka na kasuwanci ba tare da la'akari da ikon hukuma ba.

Bene na WPC yana samun juriya ta zamewa ta hanyar yanayin saman - tsarin da aka lulluɓe ko aka ƙera a cikin fuskar allo yayin ƙera shi. Duk YD150RH30 da YD140RH23 daga Ydwpc suna da saman da aka yi da itace wanda aka tsara don kiyaye jan hankali lokacin da ya jike. YD140RH23 wanda aka haɗa shi da waje yana da ƙarin fa'ida: an ƙera murfin murfinsa tare da ƙarin abubuwan hana zamewa da aka saka a cikin matrix na polymer, yana ba da daidaiton ƙimar gogayya koda bayan shekaru na zirga-zirgar ƙafa da fallasa sinadarai waɗanda zasu iya sassauta yanayin saman bayanan martaba na gargajiya. Ga benen wurin waha na kasuwanci mai faɗin murabba'in mita 1,000, wannan daidaito na dogon lokaci yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, saboda benen da ya wuce gwajin zamewa lokacin da ya saba amma ya zama zamewa bayan bazara biyu na amfani yana haifar da matsalar aminci da alhaki.

Masu ƙayyadewa ya kamata su nemi bayanan gwajin yanayin danshi (COF) daga duk wani masana'anta da ake la'akari da shi. Ydwpc yana ba da wannan bayanan a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin bin ƙa'idodin D7032 na yau da kullun, wanda aka gwada a dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu don kawar da duk wani rikici na sha'awa. Tsarin gwajin ya ƙunshi auna ƙarfin da ake buƙata don fara zamewar ƙafar gwajin roba mai daidaito a saman farfajiyar danshi, kuma ana bayar da rahoton sakamakon a matsayin ma'auni mara girma. Bayanan martaba na matakin tafkin Ydwpc koyaushe suna cimma ƙimar COF mai laushi sama da mafi ƙarancin ADAAG, yana ba masu ƙayyadewa kwarin gwiwa cewa saman bene zai kasance lafiya a ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayin danshi wanda yanayin wurin wanka na kasuwanci zai iya samarwa. Wannan bayanan yana goyan bayan wajibai na kulawa na mai ƙayyadewa kuma yana sauƙaƙa tsarin amincewa tare da jami'an gini da masu biyan inshora.

7. Daidaiton UV da Rike Launi a Tsawon Rayuwar Sabis

Ana sanya benayen wuraren waha na kasuwanci a cikin yanayi na budewa tare da mafi girman hasken rana. Hasken UV daga hasken rana shine babban dalilin da ke haifar da bushewar launi, alli a saman, da kuma lalata polymer a cikin kayan bene na WPC. ASTM D7032 yana magance kwanciyar hankali na UV ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen yanayi waɗanda ke haifar da samfuran allo zuwa ga saurin fallasa UV ta amfani da na'urar xenon-arc ko fluorescent UV weathering, suna kwaikwayon shekarun fallasa rana a cikin lokacin da aka matsa. Ma'aunin yana auna canjin launi (delta E) da lalacewar saman bayan lokutan fallasa da aka ƙayyade, kuma masu ƙayyadewa suna amfani da waɗannan ƙimar don annabta riƙewar gani na dogon lokaci.

Ga benen wanka na kasuwanci, kwanciyar hankali na launi yana da alaƙa da kyau da aiki. A fannin ado, otal-otal da wuraren shakatawa suna saka hannun jari a cikin takamaiman yaren ƙira, kuma benen da ya ɓace ba daidai ba cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku yana lalata asalin gani na kadarar. A fannin aiki, lalacewar UV yana raunana ma'aunin polymer a saman allon, yana rage ƙarfin lanƙwasa da juriyar zamewa akan lokaci - yana lalata kaddarorin da mai ƙayyadewa ya duba a ƙarƙashin D7032 a wurin siye. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa gwajin kwanciyar hankali na UV ba wai kawai akwatin kwalliya bane amma ma'aunin dorewar tsari.

Ydwpc ya haɗa da fakitin daidaita hasken UV mai inganci a cikin layin samfuran sa na gargajiya da na haɗin gwiwa. Bayanin YD150RH30 na gargajiya yana amfani da haɗin masu daidaita hasken amine (HALS) da masu ɗaukar UV waɗanda aka rarraba a cikin nauyin allon, suna ba da kariyar UV ta asali. Tsarin haɗakar hasken YD140RH23 ya ƙara wannan: an ƙera layin murfin polymer tare da tsarin daidaita hasken UV mai ƙarfi wanda ke kare kayan da ke ƙarƙashin tushen, yana ninka juriyar UV sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da bayanan martaba na gargajiya. Wannan hanyar haɗakar murfin tana kama da yadda fasahar bene mai haɗaka ya bunƙasa a faɗin masana'antu, tare da haɗakar fitarwa yana wakiltar yanayin zamani na yanzu. Ga masu ƙayyadewa waɗanda ke yin odar murabba'in mita 1,000 na benen tafkin, YD140RH23 shine zaɓin da aka ba da shawarar lokacin da riƙe launi a tsawon shekaru 15 zuwa 25 na sabis shine buƙatar aiki, yayin da YD150RH30 ke ba da madadin mai araha inda matsakaicin raguwar ya zama abin karɓa ko kuma inda benen ya ɗan yi inuwa.

8. Haɗin gwiwa da Fitar da Kaya da WPC na Classic: Kwatanta Gefen-da-Gefe na Mai Bayyanawa

Idan mai ƙayyadewa ya rage odar benen tafkin kasuwanci mai fadin murabba'in mita 1,000 zuwa samfura biyu da aka zaɓa daga masana'anta ɗaya, zaɓin yawanci ya ta'allaka ne akan ginin gargajiya ko na haɗin gwiwa. Ydwpc yana bayar da duka biyun a cikin kundinsa: YD150RH30 yana wakiltar ginin WPC na gargajiya, yayin da YD140RH23 shine madadin haɗin gwiwa (wanda aka rufe). Fahimtar bambance-bambancen da ke cikin masana'antu, aiki, da farashi yana da mahimmanci don yanke shawara mai dacewa don aikin benen tafkin da aka bayar.

Ana samar da katakon WPC na gargajiya kamar YD150RH30 ta hanyar amfani da tsarin fitarwa guda ɗaya inda ake haɗa zare na itace, resin polymer, wakilan haɗawa, masu launi, da masu daidaita abubuwa ta hanyar amfani da manne a cikin hanya ɗaya. Allon da aka samar yana da sassauƙa iri ɗaya tare da kayan aiki iri ɗaya daga saman zuwa tsakiya. Wannan ginin ya tabbatar da kansa tsawon shekaru ashirin na amfani da kasuwanci kuma ya kasance zaɓi mai aminci, mai araha don aikace-aikace da yawa. YD150RH30 ya cika duk buƙatun ASTM D7032, gami da iyakar ƙarfin lanƙwasa 28 MPa, kuma faɗinsa na mm 150 da tsayinsa na mm 30 yana ba da ƙarfin tsarin da ake buƙata don tsawon bene na wurin waha na kasuwanci.

Falo mai haɗakarwa kamar YD140RH23 yana ƙara matakin fitarwa na biyu: harsashi mai kariya (layin murfin) yana haɗe da zuciyar WPC yayin aikin haɗakarwa. An ƙera wannan layin murfin don ingantaccen juriyar UV, rashin danshi, juriyar karce, da kwanciyar hankali na launi. Sakamakon shine allon da ya fi ƙarfin WPC na gargajiya akan kusan kowane ma'aunin dorewa, kodayake a farashin murabba'in mita mafi girma. Ga falo mai haɗakarwa ta kasuwanci, fa'idar haɗakarwa ta fi bayyana a cikin shan danshi, riƙe launi na UV, da juriyar zamewa na dogon lokaci. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya taƙaita manyan bambance-bambancen:

Ga mai ƙayyadewa wanda ke yin odar murabba'in mita 1,000, ma'aunin yanke shawara mai sauƙi ne: idan benen wurin wanka yana cikin yanayi mai yawan UV, danshi mai yawa, da cunkoso mai yawa tare da ruwan gishiri ko maganin sinadarai mai ƙarfi, bayanin haɗin YD140RH23 shine zaɓi mafi kyau a fasaha. Idan aikin yana da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi, benen yana da ɗan inuwa, ko kuma wurin yana amfani da maganin ruwa mai laushi, bayanin YD150RH30 na gargajiya yana ba da tabbacin bin ƙa'idodin ASTM D7032 a farashi mai rahusa. Ƙungiyar fitarwa ta Ydwpc za ta iya samar da samfuran allunan bayanin martaba guda biyu don kimanta filin, tare da cikakkun takaddun shaida na gwaji na D7032 da jagororin shigarwa, wanda ke ba mai ƙayyadewa damar yanke shawara mai cikakken bayani kafin ya yanke shawarar yin oda mai yawa.